Weigh Everything

Ratios are by weight, not volume. A kitchen scale accurate to 0.1g is the highest-impact equipment investment you can make.

Water Quality

Coffee is 98% water. Filtered water at 75–150 ppm dissolved solids is the target. Avoid distilled or very hard water.

Grind Fresh

Grind immediately before brewing. Pre-ground coffee begins losing volatile compounds within minutes of grinding.